"The Pontifical Academy of Sciences (PAS) is a scientific academy of the Vatican City, established in 1936 by Pope Pius XI, and thriving with the blessing of the Papacy ever since. Its aim is to promote the progress of the mathematical, physical, and natural sciences and the study of related epistemological problems. The PAS under the leadership of Pope Francis has been engaging with the global problem of slavery. In 2017, it organised a Pontifical Academy Summit on Organ Trafficking and Transplant Tourism. The objectives were to describe the widespread extent of transplant tourism and organ trafficking (testimony given by attendees from countries with transplant services currently throughout the world); prepare a Statement referable to the Pontifical Academy Summit that would be signed by the participants and distributed worldwide; engage a group of stakeholders (Government Officials, Prosecutors, Investigators, Justices, and Journalists) who can be influential in the long term in combatting organ trafficking in an alliance with transplant professionals; develop an alliance of individuals committed to combating organ trafficking and transplant tourism – and engaging health authorities to achieve a prohibition of organ trafficking as a form of human slavery – by the representatives participating in the Pontifical Academy Summit."